Happy learning 📚

Saturday, June 25, 2022

June 5 - World Environment Day

Friday, June 3, 2022

Research

Wednesday, April 6, 2022

Environmental Issues in Education

Introduction

Our Environment constitutes the sum total of all living or non-living existence that we have on our earth. Over the years mankind has been in the midst of and even engaged in complete devastation of environment around us. Thus, this is where environmental education comes into play. The least we could do is to conserve and preserve our environment. Environmental education is the process that allows individuals to explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment.

Importance of environmental education

“Environmental education provides important opportunities for students to become engaged in real world issues that transcend classroom walls. They can see the relevance of their classroom studies to the complex environmental issues confronting our planet and they can acquire the skills they’ll need to be creative problem solvers and powerful advocates.”

Environmental education is aimed at producing a citizenry that is knowledgeable concerning the biophysical environment and its associated problems, aware of how to help solve these problems, and motivated to work toward their solution. It helps to aid citizens in becoming environmentally knowledgeable and, above all, skilled and dedicated citizens who are willing to work, individually and collectively, toward achieving and/or maintaining a dynamic equilibrium between quality of life and quality of the environment.

Objectives

Create public awareness on environmental issues
Explore possible solutions
Lay foundations for a fully informed and active participation of individuals in the protection of environment
Awareness and sensitivity to the environment and environmental challenges
Knowledge and understanding of the environment and environmental challenges
Attitudes of concern for the environment and motivation to improve or maintain environmental quality
To develop skills to identify and help resolve environmental challenges
To ensure participation in activities that lead to the resolution of environmental challenges
To enhance critical and creative thinking skills

Issues

Pollution
Global warming
Ozone layer depletion
Over population
Loss of biodiversity
Poor ventilation
Shortage of drinking water
Location of school close to main roads
Announcements

Scope

Improving academic achievement
Breaking the indoor habits
Improving student health
Cultivate leadership qualities
Meeting 21st century needs
Improve focus and cognition
Creating enthusiastic students
Posting innovative teacher leaders
Addressing academic standards
Fostering healthier schools
Contributing to sustainability
Supporting sound decision making
Conserving our natural resources

Role of teacher

Environmental education enables one to maintain his life. A teacher therefore plays an important role in providing environmental awareness and developing a positive attitude towards environment among students by shaping cognitive, affective and psychomotor or the cognitive domains simultaneously.

Conclusion

Environmental education is a dynamic process. The priority of such education is to develop people who are more alert and cautious about their total surroundings. Its main task is to impart proper knowledge and training to solve various problems of our environment. It is the responsibility of everyone to protect our environment and strive harder to reach sustainable development. Let us fulfil our responsibilities in environmental protection, creating a quality ecological environment and sharing wonderful green living together.

Tuesday, April 5, 2022

Steps in Historical Research

Steps to conduct historical research are:

i) Selection of the Problem:

As per interest, the researcher may select any problem regarding the history of teaching practices, curriculum, educational concepts and thoughts, institutions/organisations of educational importance, etc. A review of the literature provided by other educationists and historians, and/or experts' opinion, are very helpful and useful in selecting and defining our problem.

ii) Formulation of Hypothesis: Hypothesis (or hypotheses) guides us in solving our problem in historical research by focusing our attention to the tentative solutions, and by preventing us from a blind search. In historical research, hypotheses are not always explicit. Like other kinds of research, we confirm or do not confirm (or retain or reject) our hypotheses as the case may be. In testing our hypotheses, we may collect the evidence from a lot of sources like individuals, books, schools, etc., as is required by our particular research problem.

ii) Data Collection:

It is a necessary condition in all types of research that the researcher must collect relevant and accurate data so that the hypotheses may be correctly verified. In historical research, the data collection process is very time consuming and tedious. The researcher must be skillful enough so that he/she may select the relevant data, pertinent to his/her problem, from the vast ocean of available literature or various sources from where the data emerge. The sources of data are:

a) Primary sources of data:

These data provide first hand information from direct measurement, eyewitness accounts or observations. These data are actually collected by the researcher through questionnaires and schedules, and by using the method of observation and interview techniques.

b) Secondary sources of data: Secondary data refer simply to the second-hand data. The good examples of secondary sources are most of the published or unpublished material, reports, personal diaries, letters, books and encyclopaedias, It should be noted that the reliability and truthfulness of such information is questionable. So, the secondary data should not be regarded as much reliable and dependable and the researcher should critically verify it from other sources also if possible and available.

iv) Research Tools:

These are the instruments that are required to collect data from the subjects (subjects refer to the living organisms whom we study in the research; or, the 'respondents'). In historical research, we frequently make use of interview, questionnaires, observation, and different standardised tests.

v) Criticism of the Data:

After the data collection is over, it is Asubjected to rigorous evaluation, which, in other words, is called as criticism of the data. The truthfulness of the data and credibility of the source of the information is questionable; so, the researcher should critically evaluate his/her data and the sources of the data. The types criticism of the data are:

a) External criticism:

Here, the source of the data comes under the critical evaluation.

b) Internal criticion:

Here, we critically evaluate the content of the data.

vi) Treatment or Analysis of the Data: In historical research, data may be treated or analysed in any one or more of the following methods:

a) Simple presentation of the data:

In this type of data analysis, no statistical procedures are applied on the data, and the collected information is presented as it is.

b) Data conversion:

Here, we may apply simple statistics on the data like mean, median, or percentages, as appropriate, just to make the data more meaningful and comparable. We may use graphs also for clear and easy presentation of the data.

Further statistical treatment: Simple summarising method is inadequate to find out differences between or among the groups. In such cases, still higher statistical techniques like standard deviation, chi square, analysis of variance, etc can be used.

vi) Interpretation:

In historical research, findings may be interpreted in the light of either the status or the differences between or among the investigated groups. This is very helpful in not only understanding the past but also in comparing the past with the present. It also gives due weightage to the trends and causes that emphasise the changes that have taken place progressively, over a period of time. It helps us a lot in 'decision making regarding preparing better curriculum, etc. But, the interpretation of historical data is not as simple and easy as it seems to be rather it requires a lot of skills and expertise.

viii) Report Writing:

The last and most important step of a research process is to write the concise, to-the-point and well-organised report of that research The report of an historical research includes statement of the problem, brief review of the pertinent literature, procedure of the data collection, actual source(s) of the data, criticism of the data, treatment, analysis and interpretation of the data, the conclusions drawn and references/bibliography. Although the reports of the historical research are criticised for being comparatively dull and uninteresting, the researcher should use all of his/her creativity and expertise to make it precise and interesting without using flowery language.

Monday, January 17, 2022

Research questions in qualitative and quantitative research

Research Questions

A research question is a question that a research project sets out to answer.

Qualitative research

It focuses on Personalized behaviour, habits, motivations.
It can be gathered through contextual inquires and interviews

Writing Qualitative Research Questions

Research questions in qualitative research help narrow the purpose of a study into specific questions. Qualitative research questions are open-ended, general questions that

the researcher would like answered during the study.

Quantitative research

It focuses on gathering data and generalising it.
It can be conducted through surveys, web analytics

Writing Quantitative Research Questions

Because research questions narrow and focus the purpose statement, they serve to restate the purpose in specific questions that the researcher seeks to answer. Research questions

describe the participants’ reactions to a single variable, compare groups on an outcome, or relate to variables. Research questions are found in all designs in quantitative research, such as in experiments, correlational studies, and surveys.